Background- We aimed to assess the magnitude of the problem of Cardiovascular risk factors in hospitalized patients and to establish Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profiles.Methods- We selected 476 confirmed CVD patients by a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling technique in Tabriz Heart Center. After obtaining demographic information and performing physical examination, we measured biochemical parameters. Data were analyzed with SPSS 10.05, and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results- Obesity was the most common abnormality (93.5%), followed by diabetes mellitus (58.4%), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (45.4%), low physical activity (41.6%), high total cholesterol (TC) (40.1%), high triglycerides (TG) (37.2%), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (30.7%), diastolic hypertension (28.4%), high systolic blood pressure (24.8%) and smoking (20%). Ninety-three percent, 43%, 16% and 5% of patients had one, two, three and four risk factors for CVD, respectively. The prevalence of lipid disorders in females was more than that in males, except for low HDL-c (p<0.05). Among the lipid profiles, only TG had a relationship with age (p<0.05). Obesity was accompanied by lipid profile abnormality, such that low serum levels of HDL-c and high levels of TG, TC and LDL-c were more common in obese patients (p<0.05).Conclusion- This study revealed a high prevalence of risk factors in the CVD patients; thus modification of lifestyles is urgently needed.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality in the world. Increased blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for Cardiovascular diseases. Decreasing blood pressure due to exercise can reduce the risk of Cardiovascular incidents. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product.materials and methods: To evaluate the effects of intensity and volume of resistance exercises on the post-exercise Cardiovascular responses, 10 young untrained non-athletic men (age: 22±0.8 years; height: 173.05±2.4 cms and weight: 67.2±3.4 kgs) participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects performed four exercise bouts in a randomized order. Each bout consisted of five exercises: arm curl, hamstring curl, squat, seated lat pull-down and bench press. The exercises were determined to be performed at three sets: SHORT volume of LOW 40% 1RM (SL) and HIGH intensity 80%1RM (SH) and at six sets: LONG volume of LOW 40% 1RM (LL) and HIGH intensity 80% 1RM (LH). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) (product of HR and systolic BP) were measured before the exercise (baseline) and at the ten-minute intervals within 90 minutes after each exercise. Then, the data were analyzed using two way ANOVA repeated measures and LSD post-hoc tests.results: Systolic BP was found to be Affected by the volume and intensity of exercise and became lower during 10 to 60 minutes after the exercises (P<0.05). However, Diastolic BP was not altered after the exercise bouts. HR was increased in 30 minutes after LL and SL, and within 60 minutes after SH and LH exercises (P<0.05). In contrast, after SH and LH, RPP was increased over a period of 50 minutes.Conclusion: The intensity and volume of resistance exercises do not influence the magnitude and duration of post-exercise hypotension. Also, HR and RPP post-exercise are not affected by the resistance exercise volume.

Background: Cirrhosis is a pathologically defined entity associated with a spectrum of characteristic manifestations. The cardinal pathologic features reflect irreversible chronic injury of the hepatic parenchyma and include extensive fibrosis in association with the formation of regenerative nodules. Autonomic dysfunction is a frequent and important complication of cirrhosis. The risk of mortality in cirrhotic patients with autonomic dysfunction is higher than that in cirrhotic patients without this complication. This study aimed to determine the frequency of autonomic Cardiovascular dysfunction in cirrhotic patients.Materials and Methods: Thirty cirrhotic patients who admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital and thirty healthy persons (control group, matched age and sex) in Yazd from Dec 2005 to July 2006 were studied. In both group individuals with renal failure, heart failure and diabetes mellitus were excluded. Drugs that influence the autonomic nervous system were discontinued for 24 hours and then, 3standard autonomic function tests were carried out. Results from two groups were collected in a questionnaire and analyzed statistically. Results: of 30 patients, 24 (80%) were men and 6 (20%) were women. The mean age was 51.9+19.4 years and the mean duration of cirrhosis was 3.8±2.7 years. Twenty-six patients (86.7%) had autonomic neuropathy. Twenty-four out of these twenty-six patients (80 %) had parasympathetic dysfunction and two (6.7%) had combined sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy. None of them showed sympathetic dysfunction alone. Four patients (13.3%) didn't have autonomic neuropathy. There was significant correlation between the frequency of autonomic neuropathy and the severity of cirrhosis (p<0.001). Significant correlation was seen between the frequency of autonomic dysfunction and the duration of cirrhosis (p<0.0 1). There was no significant correlation between age, sex and the frequency of dysfunction neuropathy (p=0.118 and p=0.16, respectively).Conclusion: To assess the correlation between the etiology of cirrhosis and the prevalence of dysfunction neuropathy, a further prospective study involving a larger number of patients is necessary. More severe and prolonged hepatic failure was associated with more frequent autonomic neuropathy in patients with cirrhosis.

Background and Aim: The diagnosis of COVID-19 is an essential step toward controlling the pandemic. For this purpose, a series of laboratory methods have been developed. This study evaluated the efficiency of the ELISA method for COVID-19 IgM and IgG detection. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 46 blood samples from PCR positive COVID-19 patients and 49 samples from PCR negative COVID-19 subjects were collected. Subsequently, the presence of IgM and IgG in all blood samples was assessed using the Pishtaz Teb ELISA kit. Results: The data demonstrated that among 49 PCR negative, 40 (81. 6%) were IgM negative and 9 (19. 1%) were IgM positive. Besides, out of the 49 PCR-negative patients, 42 (85. 7%) and 7 (14. 3%) were IgG negative and positive, respectively. In 46 PCR-positive individuals, 40 (87%) were IgM negative, while 6 (13 %) were IgM positive. Of the 46 PCR-positive patients, 24 (52. 2%) were IgG negative, and 22(47. 8%) were IgG positive. Conclusion: Our results showed that detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM using Pishtaz Teb ELISA kit is not enough for COVID diagnosis, but it can serve as a diagnostic RNA supplement to confirm infection with SARS-CoV-2 in approved clinics and other scientific communities, owing to its easy, rapid, and inexpensive availability.

Background: With respect to the effective dietary factors on heart diseases (HDs), the present research aims to study the dietary risk factors of people with Cardiovascular diseases.Materials and Methods: The demography and anthropometric information as well as the nutritional condition for 80 patients hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Ward of Zahedan Khatam al-Anbia (PBUH) Hospital were determined through dietary recall and indices of lipid profile.Results: As per the findings of this study, for BMI, 26.2% of the patients were overweighed, 10.1% of patients had obesity, and 43.5% of the patients had abdominal obesity for waist to hip ratio. The mean of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL were 198.2±52.8, 136.8±66.3, 139±35.4, and 40±10.2 mg/dl, respectively. Imbalance in the macronutrient intakes were observed in patients.Conclusion: Given the fact that the indices under study are inappropriate, the patients are those who are subject to Cardiovascular diseases in a constant and chronic manner.